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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (1) : 17-     https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1196-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Dechlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: Comparison with nZVI, degradation mechanism, and pathways
Kubra Ulucan-Altuntas(), Eyup Debik
Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
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Abstract：

• DDT undergoes dechlorination via Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticle.

• The oxidation effect of nZVI on DDT is greatly improved when Pd is dopped.

• The highest concentration to be treated under cancerogenesis limit was 110 mg/L.

• The dechlorination of DDT is more like to DDE via Fe/Pd but to DDD via nZVI.

• Degradation products concentrations are lowered via Fe/Pd when compared with nZVI.

In this study, the bimetallic Fe/Pd nanoparticle was synthesized using the catalytic element palladium to increase the effect of nano zero valent iron (nZVI), in the light of the information obtained from our previous study, in which the nZVI synthesis method was modified. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), one of the most widely used persistent organic pollutant pesticides in the world, was investigated in terms of its degradation by Fe/Pd nanoparticles and the difference with nZVI was determined. During the study, the Fe/Pd concentration, initial DDT concentration, and contact time were selected as variables affecting the treatment. The highest possible initial DDT concentration for the treatment with Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticle was investigated to obtain the DDT effluent concentration below the carcinogenesis limit, 0.23 µg/L. The highest concentration that could be treated was found to be 109.95 mg/L with Fe/Pd. It was found that 44.3 min of contact time and 550 mg/L Fe/Pd concentration were needed to achieve this treatment.
Keywords Persistent organic pollutants      nZVI      Bimetallic nanoparticle      Organochlorine pesticides      DDT     
发布日期: 2019-12-05
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Kubra Ulucan-Altuntas
Eyup Debik
引用本文:   
Kubra Ulucan-Altuntas,Eyup Debik. Dechlorination of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles: Comparison with nZVI, degradation mechanism, and pathways[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 17.
网址:  
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1196-2     OR     https://journal.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I1/17
Fig.1  SEM images of synthesized Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticle (a, b) and nZVI (c).
Independent variables Coded factors
α -2 -1 0 +1 +2
Reaction time (min) x1 1 16 31 46 61
Fe/Pd concentration (mg/L) x2 50 175 300 425 550
Initial DDT concentration (µg/L) x3 10 70 130 190 250
Tab.1  Study matrix for DDT removal with Fe/Pd nanoparticle
Run Reac. Time Fe/Pd Conc. Initial DDT Conc. Eff. DDT Conc. (µg/L) DDT Removal Eff. (%) Eff. DDD Conc. (µg/L) Eff. DDE Conc. (µg/L)
x1 x2 x3 y1 y2 y3
1 -1 -1 -1 14.288 79.94 0.285 0.521
2 1 -1 -1 7.71 89.18 0.756 0.452
3 -1 1 -1 9.353 86.87 1.004 0.446
4 1 1 -1 1.222 98.28 1.146 0.3444
5 -1 -1 1 58.301 69.52 2.189 0.723
6 1 -1 1 28.397 85.15 1.988 0.748
7 -1 1 1 52.076 72.77 4.255 0.47
8 1 1 1 16.277 91.49 2.079 0.692
9 -2 0 0 67.175 48.59 0.765 0.56742
10 2 0 0 12.595 90.36 0.501 0.478
11 0 -2 0 19.846 84.81 0.439 0.54967
12 0 2 0 7.840 94.00 1.113 0.41996
13 0 0 -2 0.103 99.06 1.093 0.325
14 0 0 2 50.404 79.73 5.919 0.707
15 0 0 0 14.423 88.96 1.178 0.73964
16 0 0 0 14.886 88.61 1.201 0.7348
17 0 0 0 14.260 89.09 1.2 0.7433
18 0 0 0 14.018 89.27 1.206 0.7348
19 0 0 0 14.975 88.54 1.205 0.74577
20 0 0 0 14.223 89.12 1.199 0.73061
Tab.2  The study conditions of DDT removal with Fe/Pd and the obtained results
Fig.2  The change of DDT removal efficiency with Fe/Pd based on the reaction time (x1), Fe/Pd concentration (x2) and the initial DDT concentration (x3).
Fig.3  The change of effluent DDD concentration (y2) with Fe/Pd based on the reaction time (x1), Fe/Pd concentration (x2), and the initial DDT concentration (x3).
Fig.4  The change in the effluent DDE concentration (y3) with Fe/Pd based on the reaction time (x1), the Fe/Pd concentration (x2) and the initial DDT concentration (x3).
Independent variables Coded factors
Reaction time, x1 -1.733 -1 0 +1
Fe/Pd concentration, x2 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8 -0.8
Initial DDT concentration, x3 -1 -1 -1 -1
Calculated removal rates with nZVI (Ulucan-Altuntas et al., 2019) 53.7 69.9 84.6 90.4
Calculated removal rates with Fe/Pd 63.9 80.0 93.5 97.3
Tab.3  Data of the comparison study with nZVI and Fe/Pd
Fig.5  Comparison of nZVI and Fe/Pd nanoparticles.
Fig.6  Screening chromatography showing components resulting from degradation of DDT (a) via Fe/Pd and (b) via nZVI (c) Supernatant chromatogram.
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