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  • 2017年, 第4卷 第1期 出版日期:2017-04-19
    选择: 合并摘要 显示/隐藏图片
    Editorial
    Special issue: Advances and prospect of engineering management
    Lieyun DING, Heng LI
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 1-3.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017102
    摘要   HTML   PDF (106KB)
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    REVIEW ARTICLE
    中国地铁建设的综述—组织、市场、成本、安全与进度
    丁烈云, 徐捷
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 4-19.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017015
    摘要   HTML   PDF (942KB)

    中国现在正处于一个大规模地铁建设的时代。本文对中国地铁工程的性质进行了综述,并重点关注其组织与市场模式、成本结构、安全控制和进度管理。同时,对中国国家自然科学基金(NSFC)有关地铁工程近期研究的检查和讨论表明信息和自动化技术越来越多地被应用于实践。

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    RESEARCH ARTICLE
    建筑信息建模(BIM)的应用对设计和施工的影响—从资源依赖理论的视角
    曹冬平, 李恒, 王广斌
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 20-34.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017010
    摘要   HTML   PDF (462KB)

    利用资源依赖理论,本文构建并实例验证了一个模型以解释在建设项目中建筑信息模型(BIM)的应用是如何通过提高组织间协作能力从而对不同项目参与方绩效产生影响的。基于从来自中国应用BIM的建设项目的设计师和总承包商处收集到的两组调查数据,偏最小二乘的结果分析和自助中介效应测试明确表明,基于BIM的信息共享和协同决策功能作为一个整体在提高设计师和总承包商两方的基于BIM的效率和效果方面发挥着重要的作用。研究结果进一步表明,设计师和总承包商在项目BIM实施活动中受益并非等同,而这种非等价关系与在基于BIM的跨组织资源交换过程中设计者和总承包商所扮演的不同角色密切相关。这些发现验证了BIM作为管理建设项目中的跨组织资源依赖性的跨界工具的资源依赖理论视角,并且有助于加深理解如何以及为何项目参与方会不同程度的受益于像BIM这样的组织间信息技术的应用。

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    系统动力学应用于建设中的战略决策
    LEE SangHyun
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 35-40.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017002
    摘要   HTML   PDF (278KB)

    本文讨论了系统动力学在建筑业高层方针战略仿真中的应用。特别是利用实际的建模实例,讨论了系统动力学在表征反馈过程、聚合、软变量、连续仿真时钟等方面的优点。由此得出的结论是,系统动力学为建筑业的战略仿真提供了巨大的潜力。此外,作者还提出一个结合了系统动力学和离散事件仿真的综合性仿真框架,用于需要考虑操作细节的建筑业的战略决策过程。

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    REVIEW ARTICLE
    Intelligent data analytics is here to change engineering management
    Jonathan Jingsheng SHI, Saixing ZENG, Xiaohua MENG
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 41-48.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017003
    摘要   HTML   PDF (336KB)

    A great deal of scientific research in the world aims at discovering the facts about the world so that we understand it better and find solutions to problems. Data enabling technology plays an important role in modern scientific discovery and technologic advancement. The importance of good information was long recognized by prominent leaders such as Sun Tzu and Napoleon. Factual data enables managers to measure, to understand their businesses, and to directly translate that knowledge into improved decision making and performance. This position paper argues that data analytics is ready to change engineering management in the following areas: 1) by making relevant historical data available to the manager at the time when it’s needed; 2) by filtering out actionable intelligence from the ocean of data; and 3) by integrating useful data from multiple sources to support quantitative decision-making. Considering the unique need for engineering management, the paper proposes researchable topics in the two broad areas of data acquisition and data analytics. The purpose of the paper is to provoke discussion from peers and to encourage research activity.

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    Construction engineering management culture shift: Is the lowest tender offer dead?
    Eric SCHEEPBOUWER, Douglas D. GRANSBERG, Carla Lopez del PUERTO
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 49-57.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017014
    摘要   HTML   PDF (212KB)

    The procurement of public construction projects must walk a fine line between the corruption of state officials and collusion of contractors. The method of awarding projects to the lowest responsible tenderer was originally implemented to guard against corruption of state officials. However, an investigation of the construction industry in the Canadian province of Quebec showed that lowest-tender-offer procurement gave rise to collusion of companies tendering for the contracts. Alternatively, best-value procurement has been used for decades, but here problems arise owing to the necessity of subjective judging of measures other than price to compare bids, giving rise to time- and money-consuming protests. The paper proposes a compelling argument that the construction engineering management (CEM) culture should refocus its efforts on enhancing project cost certainty rather than merely searching for means to design a project in a manner that produces the lowest initial cost, and awards the construction to the lowest tender offer that focuses on cost savings during the project development and delivery process. The difference in the two approaches is subtle but extremely important. To make the transition, the engineering management tools must be advanced to the next level. This means that all project control tools for managing cost, schedule, and technical scope must be transformed from working in the deterministic mode to the stochastic mode, thus making the probability of completing the project within or below its official budget the primary decision criterion. To do so, CEMs must accept that there is a benefit in paying more for an alternative that increases cost certainty for the entire project. The authors of this paper hope that it will provide the grist for a more general dialog across all industry sectors where engineering management is practiced.

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    RESEARCH ARTICLE
    Design and control optimization of energy systems of smart buildings today and in the near future
    Shengwei WANG, Wenjie GANG
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 58-66.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017005
    摘要   HTML   PDF (1943KB)

    Buildings contribute to a major part of energy consumption in urban areas, especially in areas like Hong Kong which is full of high-rise buildings. Smart buildings with high efficiency can reduce the energy consumption largely and help achieve green cities or smart cities. Design and control optimization of building energy systems therefore plays a significant role to obtain the optimal performance. This paper introduces a general methodology for the design and control optimization of building energy systems in the life cycle. When the design scheme of building energy systems is optimized, primary steps and related issues are introduced. To improve the operation performance, the optimal control strategies that can be used by different systems are presented and key issues are discussed. To demonstrate the effect of the methods, the energy system of a high-rise building is introduced. The design on the chilled water pump system and cooling towers is improved. The control strategies for chillers, pumps and fresh air systems are optimized. The energy saving and cost from the design and control optimization methods are analyzed. The presented methodology will provide users and stakeholders an effective approach to improve the energy efficiency of building energy systems and promote the development of smart buildings and smart cities.

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    区块链技术在施工工程管理中的应用展望
    WANG Jun, WU Peng, WANG Xiangyu, SHOU Wenchi
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 67-75.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017006
    摘要   HTML   PDF (453KB)

    目前的建筑工程管理在信任,信息共享和过程自动化方面面临诸多挑战。区块链是一种分散的交易和数据管理技术,2008年以来引起了越来越多的学术界、工业界人士的兴趣。然而,大多数现有的研究和实践侧重于区块链本身(即技术挑战和局限性)或其在金融服务部门(如比特币)的应用情况。本文旨在探讨区块链技术在建筑领域的应用潜力。提出了三种类型的区块链应用机制来分别改进合同管理、供应链管理和设备租赁的当前流程。本文还讨论了区块链应用的挑战。

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    Web-based construction equipment fleet management system: cost-effective global and local allocation
    Hakob AVETISYAN, Miroslaw SKIBNIEWSKI
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 76-83.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017012
    摘要   HTML   PDF (245KB)

    Over the last two decades, construction contractors have been gradually making more investments in construction equipment to meet their needs associated with increasing volumes of construction projects. At present, from an operational perspective, almost all contractors pay more attention to maintaining their equipment fleets in well-sustained workable conditions and having a high accessibility of the necessary equipment pieces. However, such an approach alone is not enough to maintain an efficient and sustainable business. In particular, for large-scale construction companies that operate in multiple sites in the U.S. or overseas, the problem extends to an optimal allocation of available equipment. Given the current state of the construction industry in the U.S., this problem can be solved by geographically locating equipment pieces and then wisely re-allocating them among projects. Identifying equipment pieces geographically is a relatively easy task. The difficulty arises when informed decision-making is required for equipment allocation among job sites. The actual allocation of equipment should be both economically feasible and technologically preferable. To help in informed decision-making, an optimization model is developed as a mixed integer program. This model is formed based on a previously successfully developed decision-support model for construction equipment selection. The proposed model incorporates logical strategies of supply chain management to optimally select construction equipment for any construction site while taking into account the costs, availability, and transportation-related issues as constraints. The model benefits those responsible for informed decision-making for construction equipment selection and allocation. It also benefits the owners of construction companies, owing to its cost-minimization objective.

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    Motion-based analysis for construction workers using biomechanical methods
    Xincong YANG, Yantao YU, Heng LI, Xiaochun LUO, Fenglai WANG
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 84-91.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017004
    摘要   HTML   PDF (708KB)

    Sustaining awkward postures and overexertion are common factors in construction industry that result in work-related injuries of workers. To address there safety and health issues, conventional observational methods on the external causes are tedious and subjective, while the direct measurement on the internal causes is intrusive leading to productivity reduction. Therefore, it is essential to construct an effective approach that maps the external and internal causes to realize the non-intrusive identification of safety and health risks. This research proposes a theoretical method to analyze the postures tracked by videos with biomechanical models. Through the biomechanical skeleton representation of human body, the workload and joint torques are rapidly and accurately evaluated based on the rotation angles of joints. The method is then demonstrated by two case studies about (1) plastering and (2) carrying. The experiment results illustrate the changing intramuscular torques across the construction activities in essence, validating the proposed approach to be effective in theory.

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    REVIEW ARTICLE
    Achieving energy efficiency in government buildings through mandatory policy and program enforcement
    Patrick X.W. ZOU, Morshed ALAM, Van Manh PHUNG, Dipika WAGLE, Rodney STEWART, Edoardo BERTONE, Oz SAHIN, Chris BUNTINE
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 92-103.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017101
    摘要   HTML   PDF (697KB)

    Government buildings are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption worldwide, for example, in Australia, up to 41.5 PJ energy was consumed by government buildings in 2011–2012. While the newly constructed buildings may be energy efficient, the existing buildings, which account for more than 85% of the total building stock, were built prior to the time when energy rating systems was put in practice and are consequently energy inefficient to a large degree. Reducing the energy consumption in existing government buildings is essential, as it will not only reduce the costs and environmental impacts, but also show governments’ strong commitment towards the reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Furthermore, successful building energy retrofit projects are the showcases to the general public, encouraging other sectors (e.g. commercial) to conduct building retrofits for energy savings. Recognising these benefits, several state governments in Australia have introduced building energy efficiency policies and programs. This paper reviewed the energy efficiency policies/programs in five States in Australia: Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and Queensland in terms of respective policies and targets, implementation methods and current progress. The lessons learned from these programs were also discussed. This research revealed that the key factors for a successful government building energy retrofitting program are 1) having a properly enforced energy efficiency mandate with clear energy saving targets, 2) establishing an expert facilitation team and 3) implementing suitable financing and procurement methods.

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    COMMENTS
    Can the bullet train speed up climate change mitigation in China?
    Han LIN, Saixing ZENG, Shilong GE, Yongtai CHEN
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 104-105.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017100
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    SUPER ENGINEERING
    Shanghai Tower
    Jian GONG
    Frontiers of Engineering Management. 2017, 4 (1): 106-109.   https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FEM-2017001
    摘要   HTML   PDF (1336KB)
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    ERRATUM
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