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Frontiers of Engineering Management    2020, Vol. 7 Issue (1) : 119-130     https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0043-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Generic and SME-specific factors that influence the BIM adoption process: An overview that highlights gaps in the literature
Elodie HOCHSCHEID1(), Gilles HALIN2
1. MAP-CRAI, UMR n° 3495 CNRS/MCC (École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Nancy), 2 rue Bastien Lepage, Nancy, France
2. MAP-CRAI, UMR n° 3495 CNRS/MCC (École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Nancy), 2 rue Bastien Lepage, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
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Abstract：

Building information modeling/management (BIM) is an emerging technological and procedural shift in the architecture, engineering, construction and operation industry. In this study, we use an extensive state-of-the-art method to clarify the BIM adoption process and the factors that can influence the success or failure of BIM adoption, particularly during the implementation stage, which are not frequently found in the literature. As an innovation, the lexical field allocated to the spread of innovations is assigned to BIM (diffusion, adoption, and implementation). After recalling the definition of relevant terms and then removing the resulting inconsistencies in vocabularies, we investigate various studies to identify factors that influence BIM adoption and then unify all these studies in one coherent and consistent BIM adoption process model. We focus on factors that play a role in the adoption of BIM in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) because SMEs constitute the majority of companies in the construction sector. This research highlights and intends to fill in some gaps found in the current BIM adoption literature.
Keywords BIM      adoption      diffusion      implementation      change management      SMEs      literature review      architecture firms     
最新录用日期:    在线预览日期:    发布日期: 2020-03-02
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Elodie HOCHSCHEID
Gilles HALIN
引用本文:   
Elodie HOCHSCHEID,Gilles HALIN. Generic and SME-specific factors that influence the BIM adoption process: An overview that highlights gaps in the literature[J]. Front. Eng, 2020, 7(1): 119-130.
网址:  
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.1007/s42524-019-0043-2     OR     https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2020/V7/I1/119
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Reference
Knowledge Persuasion Decision Implementation Confirmation Rogers, 2003
Awareness Interest Trial Evaluation Adoption Karlsson, 1988
Awareness Intention and interest PoA Implementation Confirmation Ahmed et al., 2017
Tab.1  Different models in five stages that describe the innovation adoption/decision process
Level Context Description Reference
L3 External context Social, economic, competitive, and political environment (a); (b)
L2 Culture Vision, principles, beliefs, values, projects (products), strategies (a)–(e)
Interactions Hierarchy, division of power, distribution of work and responsibilities, collaboration (a)–(e)
Systems Software, hardware, processes (b); (c); (e)
L1 People People, experience, seniority, career stage, skills (c); (e)
Tab.2  Characteristics of the company context in the change management field
Characteristics Context Description Reference
Extent Global Change affects all activities and units of the organization. The company’s strategy and culture evolve (f)
Partial Change affects a portion of the organization, thereby preserving the previous strategy, culture, and structure. Modifying the company’s performance is frequently insufficient (f)
Depth Disruptive Disruptive change marks a considerable difference with the past with clear discontinuity. It changes strategy, process, and organizational culture and affects the company’s performance (f); (g)
Adaptative Adaptive change is a modification of the actual situation. It lightly evolves the content, process, and missions of the organization (f); (g)
Rhythm Fast Fast change is a redress and a resolution against a past situation, but extremely rapid change can place the organization at risk (h)
Slow Slow change consists of a gradual approach to ensure a new balance thereafter. Slow change can lead to getting used to an undesirable situation (h)
Base Imposed Imposed change is a change in which management acts decisively and where opportunities for negotiation are minimal (f)
Negotiated Managers are caught between limiting resistance to change and respond to customer demands. Convinced that imposed change has minimal chance of success, they integrate teams to limit resistance. Placing the cursor between firmness and negotiation is difficult (f)
Tab.3  Change characteristics that have been identified in the literature to play a role in the success of change (adapted from Autissier et al., 2014)
Fig.1  State space for the distribution of firms

Definitions of micro, small, medium-sized, intermediate-sized, and large enterprises (Insee, 2016)

 and employees in the construction sector by enterprise categories in France in 2013. Source A: (Insee, 2015) and Source B: (Insee, 2017)
Fig.2  Distribution of architecture firms and salaried architects in architecture firms by company size in France in 2014 (adapted from a report of the French Institute of Architects, 2016)

Figure 32 in this report

.
Fig.3  Model of the BIM adoption process, with possible adaption failures and influencing factors. V2 (adopted from Rogers (2003) and Ahmed et al. (2017))

This figure is based on the “conceptual model for investigating BIM adoption decisions” proposed by Ahmed et al. (2017). We do not use the term “conceptual model” to avoid confusion with “conceptual models” used in information systems to designate a representation of a system.

, V1 available in Hochscheid and Halin (2018b).
Risk management Sociology, psychology, management Institutional theory Population ecology theory Change management
Section Section 3.1 Section 3.2 Section 3.2 Section 3.3 Section 3.4
Internal context Endogenous risk Adopter or internal context characteristics x Inertial pressures L1 and L2 in Table 2
External context Exogenous risk External environment characteristics Coercive, mimetic, normative pressures External pressures L3 in Table 2
Innovation characteristics Exogenous risk Perceived innovation characteristics x x x
Change characteristics x x x Implementation method Table 3
Type of factor DF+ IF DF DF DF+ IF IF
Tab.4  Synthesis of factors that influence BIM adoption mentioned in the literature investigated in this study
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