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Frontiers of Engineering Management    2019, Vol. 6 Issue (3) : 406-415     https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials
Bingqing ZHANG1, Ruochen ZENG2, Xiaodong LI1()
1. Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
2. School of Construction Management, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Abstract

Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market, knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult. This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpaper. Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one non-woven wallpaper product are considered. The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS). The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS). The assessment scope, associated emissions, and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products. The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas: ecological environment, natural resources, and human health. The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay (WTP) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts. Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper, and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact. The most impacted categories are global warming, respiratory effects, and water consumption. Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.

Keywords life cycle assessment      human health impact      integrated assessment      interior wall decorative material      green product     
最新录用日期:    在线预览日期:    发布日期: 2019-09-04
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Bingqing ZHANG
Ruochen ZENG
Xiaodong LI
引用本文:   
Bingqing ZHANG,Ruochen ZENG,Xiaodong LI. Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials[J]. Front. Eng, 2019, 6(3): 406-415.
网址:  
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4     OR     https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2019/V6/I3/406
Fig.1  Schematic of BHIAS
Fig.2  Sources and territorial scopes of emissions
Fig.3  Integrated assessment model for interior wall decorative products
Impact categories External costs (CNY/functional unit)
Interior latex product 1 Interior latex product 2 Non-woven wallpaper
Ecological damage 0.42 0.71 0.86
Resource depletion 0.12 0.20 0.20
Human health impact 0.28 0.30 0.21
Integrated impact 0.82 1.20 1.27
Tab.1  External costs of safeguard areas
Safeguard areas Raw material acquisition Total
Coarse whiting Kaolin Titanium dioxide Coalescer Styrene-acrylic emulsion Water Talcum powder
Ecological damage 4.45E−02 8.13E−02 1.78E−01 1.37E−02 9.05E−02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.08E−01
Resource depletion 2.28E−02 1.40E−03 7.37E−02 1.73E−03 1.26E−02 3.79E−03 1.62E−05 1.16E−01
Human health impact 5.23E−03 1.65E−01 9.01E−02 2.78E−03 1.82E−02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.81E−01
Integrated impact 7.25E−02 2.48E−01 3.42E−01 1.82E−02 1.21E−01 3.79E−03 1.62E−05 8.06E−01
Proportion 8.79% 30.07% 41.53% 2.21% 14.71% 0.46% 0.00% 97.77%
Safeguard areas Manufacturing Use phase
Electricity Solid waste treatment Cleaning Sewage treatment Total
Ecological damage 6.45E−03 1.60E−05 8.84E−06 2.47E−03 8.95E−03 1.09E−05
Resource depletion 4.64E−03 4.74E−04 1.05E−03 −5.34E−04 5.63E−03 1.51E−03
Human health impact 1.94E−03 4.32E−06 0.00E+00 2.37E−04 2.18E−03 7.85E−05
Integrated impact 1.30E−02 4.95E−04 1.05E−03 2.17E−03 1.68E−02 1.60E−03
Proportion 1.58% 0.06% 0.13% 0.26% 2.03% 0.19%
Tab.2  External costs (yuan/functional unit) of impact sources of interior latex product 1
Safeguard areas Raw material acquisition Total
Coarse whiting Kaolin Titanium dioxide Coalescer Styrene-acrylic emulsion Water Talcum powder
Ecological damage 1.43E−02 2.80E−02 3.46E−01 1.41E−01 1.71E−01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.00E−01
Resource depletion 7.30E−03 4.84E−04 1.43E−01 1.77E−02 2.38E−02 1.31E−03 5.95E−04 1.94E−01
Human health impact 1.68E−03 5.68E−02 1.75E−01 2.84E−02 3.43E−02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.96E−01
Integrated impact 2.32E−02 8.53E−02 6.63E−01 1.87E−01 2.29E−01 1.31E−03 5.95E−04 1.19E+00
Proportion 1.93% 7.09% 55.08% 15.51% 19.03% 0.11% 0.05% 98.80%
Safeguard areas Manufacturing Total Use phase
Electricity Solid waste treatment Cleaning Sewage treatment PM
Ecological damage 3.88E−03 2.11E−05 1.32E−05 2.09E−03 1.77E−05 6.02E−03 1.09E−05
Resource depletion 7.82E−04 6.24E−04 1.66E−03 −4.52E−04 0.00E+00 2.61E−03 1.51E−03
Human health impact 1.16E−03 5.68E−06 0.00E+00 2.00E−04 4.63E−05 1.42E−03 7.85E−05
Integrated impact 5.83E−03 6.51E−04 1.67E−03 1.84E−03 6.40E−05 1.01E−02 1.60E−03
Proportion 0.48% 0.05% 0.14% 0.15% 0.01% 0.83% 0.19%
Tab.3  External costs (yuan/functional unit) of impact sources of interior latex product 2
Safeguard areas Raw material acquisition Total
Non-woven paper Crylic Water
Ecological damage 3.03E−01 8.40E−02 0.00E+00 3.87E−01
Resource depletion 9.77E−02 3.87E−03 3.49E−02 1.36E−01
Human health impact 6.39E−02 1.78E−02 0.00E+00 8.17E−02
Integrated impact 4.64E−01 1.06E−01 3.49E−02 6.05E−01
Proportion 36.48% 8.30% 2.74% 47.53%
Safeguard areas Manufacturing Total Use phase
Electricity Solid waste treatment Sewage treatment
Ecological damage 2.95E−01 1.15E−04 4.93E−02 3.44E−01 1.30E−01
Resource depletion 6.41E−02 3.41E−03 −1.07E−02 5.68E−02 9.58E−03
Human health impact 9.54E−02 3.11E−05 4.73E−03 1.00E−01 2.75E−02
Integrated impact 4.54E−01 3.56E−03 4.34E−02 5.01E−01 1.67E−01
Proportion 35.67% 0.28% 3.41% 39.35% 13.12%
Tab.4  External costs (yuan/functional unit) of impact sources of non-woven wallpaper
Fig.4  External costs of categories
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