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Frontiers of Engineering Management    2019, Vol. 6 Issue (3) : 395-405     https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-019-0019-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses
Vivian W. Y. TAM1(), Khoa N. LE2, Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA2, Anthony BUTERA2, Cuong N. N. TRAN2, Ashraf TEARA2
1. College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
2. Western Sydney University, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
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Abstract：

Recycled concrete is a material with the potential to create a sustainable construction industry. However, recycled concrete presents heterogeneous properties, thereby reducing its applications for some structural purposes and enhancing its application in pavements. This paper provides an insight into a solution in the deformation control for recycled concrete by adding supplementary cementitious materials fly ash and blast furnace slag. Results of this study indicated that the 50% fly ash replacement of Portland cement increased the rupture modulus of the recycled concrete. Conversely, a mixture with over 50% cement replacement by either fly ash or slag or a combination of both exhibited detrimental effect on the compressive strength, rupture modulus, and drying shrinkage. The combined analysis of environmental impacts and mechanical properties of recycled concrete demonstrated the possibility of optimizing the selection of recycled concrete because the best scenario in this study was obtained with the concrete mixture M8 (50% of fly ash+ 100% recycled coarse aggregate).
Keywords recycled aggregate      recycled concrete      fly ash and slag     
在线预览日期:    发布日期: 2019-09-04
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Vivian W. Y. TAM
Khoa N. LE
Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA
Anthony BUTERA
Cuong N. N. TRAN
Ashraf TEARA
引用本文:   
Vivian W. Y. TAM,Khoa N. LE,Ana Catarina Jorge EVANGELISTA, et al. Effect of fly ash and slag on concrete: Properties and emission analyses[J]. Front. Eng, 2019, 6(3): 395-405.
网址:  
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/10.1007/s42524-019-0019-2     OR     https://journal.hep.com.cn/fem/EN/Y2019/V6/I3/395
Parameter Percentage (%)
SiO2
CaO
Al2O3
Fe2O3
Na2O
MgO
KO2
Loss on ignition		 45.0–64.4
0.7–7.5
19.6–30.1
3.8–23.9
0.3–2.8
0.7–1.7
0.7–2.9
0.4–7.2
Tab.1  Chemical analysis of fly ash (Kaur et al., 2012)
Source Australian Standards Natural aggregate Recycled aggregate
Grading AS 1141.11.1 Pass Pass
Water absorption (%) AS 1141.6.1 1.02 (10 mm),
0.42 (20 mm)		 5.02 (10 mm),
5.63 (20 mm)
Particle density on oven-dried basis (t/m3) AS 1141.6.1 2.59 (10 mm),
2.47 (20 mm)		 1.44 (10 mm),
1.30 (20 mm)
Particle density on saturated and surface-dried basis (t/m3) AS 1141.6.2 2.61 (10 mm),
2.48 (20 mm)		 1.51 (10 mm),
1.37 (20 mm)
Apparent particle density (t/m3) AS 1141.4 2.66 (10 mm),
2.50 (20 mm)		 1.55 (10 mm),
1.40 (20 mm)
Aggregate crushing value (%) AS 1141.22 21 34
Contaminant (%) AS 1289.4.1.1 0 2
Flakiness index AS 1141.15 28.27 (10 mm),
22.52 (20 mm)		 15.12 (10 mm),
9.78 (20 mm)
Misshapen particle (%) AS 1141.14 3.02 0.88
Tab.2  Natural and recycled aggregate properties
Mixes M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9
0-0-0 50-0-0 0-50-0 0-0-50 50-0-50 0-50-50 0-0-100 50-0-100 0-50-100
Fine sand
(kg)		 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7 604.7
Natural aggregate 10mm
(kg)		 464.4 464.4 464.4 232.2 232.2 232.2 0 0 0
Natural aggregate 20mm
(kg)		 928.8 928.8 928.8 464.4 464.4 464.4 0 0 0
Recycled aggregate 10mm
(kg)		 0 0 0 232.2 232.2 232.2 464.4 464.4 464.4
Recycled aggregate 20mm
(kg)		 0 0 0 464.4 464.4 464.4 928.8 928.8 928.8
Cement (type GP)
(kg)		 630.1 315.0 315.0 630.1 315.0 315.0 630.1 315.0 315.0
Fly ash
(kg)		 0 315.0 0 0 315.0 0 0 315.0 0
Slag (GBFS) 0 0 315.0 0 0 315.0 0 0 315.0
Water
(liter)		 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400
Water/binder 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45
Compressive strength
(MPa)		 31.9 25.7 31.9 34.8 29.8 27.3 40.8 36.8 33
GHG emissions
(kg CO2-e/m3)		 622.2 230.8 249.1 620.4 228.9 247.3 618.5 227.1 245.4
EGHG
kg/kg		 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.15 0.06 0.07
Tab.3  Concrete mixes proportions for 1 m3 (kg)
Mixes Fly ash replacement (%) Slag replacement (%) Recycled aggregate replacement (%)
M1 (0-0-0) 0 0 0
M2 (50-0-0) 50 0 0
M3 (0-50-00 0 50 0
M4 (0-0-50) 0 0 50
M5 (50-0-50) 50 0 50
M6 (0-50-50) 0 50 50
M7 (0-0-100) 0 0 100
M8 (50-0-1000 50 0 100
M9 (0-50-100) 0 50 100
Tab.4  Experimental design on different fly ash, slag, and recycled aggregate replacement percentages
Fig.1  Drying shrinkage test for (a) M1, (b) M2, (c) M3, (d) M4, (e) M5, (f) M6, (g) M7, (h) M8 and (i) M9
Mixes Reversible Irreversible
M1 (0-0-0) 55.0% 45.0%
M2 (50-0-0) 64.5% 35.5%
M3 (0-50-0) 57.6% 42.4%
M4 (0-0-50) 22.0% 78.0%%
M5 (50-0-50) 42.2% 57.8%
M6 (0-50-50) 53.5% 46.5%
M7 (0-0-100) 52.2% 47.8%
M8 (50-0-100) 23.5% 76.4%
M9 (0-50-100) 14.6% 85.4%
Tab.5  Shrinkage reversible and irreversible percentages
Mixes 7 days 14 days 28 days
(MPa)
M1 (0-0-0) 20.6
(2.19)		 25.9
(2.90)		 31.9
(1.92)
M2 (50-0-0) 16.2
(0.36)		 21.5
(0.51)		 25.7
(2.03)
M3 (0-50-0) 18.7
(1.29)		 21.2
(1.50)		 31.9
(0.21)
M4 (0-0-50) 25.0
(1.95)		 27.3
(1.50)		 34.8
(0.18)
M5 (50-0-50) 19.8
(0.08)		 25.2
(1.65)		 29.8
(0.27)
M6 (0-50-50) 17.6
(1.20)		 20.6
(0.64)		 27.3
(0.09)
M7 (0-0-100) 34.5
(1.90)		 36.5
(0.63)		 40.8
(0.29)
M8 (50-0-100) 25.8
(2.61)		 29.6
(0.52)		 36.8
(0.06)
M9 (0-50-100) 22.3
(1.82)		 25.1
(1.00)		 33.0
(0.15)
Tab.6  Summary of compressive strength test results (mean values) and standard deviations in parentheses
Mixes Modulus of rupture (MPa)
M1 (0-0-0) 4.14
M2 (50-0-0) 3.46
M3 (0-50-0) 3.02
M4 (0-0-50) 3.81
M5 (50-0-50) 3.86
M6 (0-50-50) 3.44
M7 (0-0-100) 4.10
M8 (50-0-100) 4.66
M9 (0-50-100) 3.21
Tab.7  Modulus of rupture at 28 days
Fig.2  Compressive strength versus recycled aggregate content
Fig.3  Compressive strength versus fly ash content
Fig.4  Compressive strength versus slag content
Fig.5  Influence of slag (50%), fly ash (50%), and recycled aggregate (50% and 100%) contents on compressive strength over time
Fig.6  Greenhouse gas emissions and compressive strength of concretes with the incorporation of fly ash, slag, and recycled aggregate
Fig.7  Greenhouse gas emissions versus compressive strength of concrete with the incorporation of fly ash, slag, and recycled aggregate
Fig.8  Classification of the concrete mixes according to the compressive strength (28 days)/greenhouse gas emissions ratio
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