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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering    2020, Vol. 7 Issue (2) : 218-226     https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2020324
REVIEW
Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology and protein spatial structure
Baicheng HUANG1, Kegong TIAN1,2()
1. National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang 471003, China
2. College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Abstract

Emergent coronaviruses (CoVs) such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have posed great threats to public health worldwide over the past two decades. Currently, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pandemic causes greater public health concern. CoV diversity is due to the large size and replication mechanisms of the genomes together with having bats as their optimum natural hosts. The ecological behavior and unique immune characteristics of bats are optimal for the homologous recombination of CoVs. The relationship of spatial structural characteristics of the spike protein, a protein that is critical for recognition by host receptors, in different CoVs may provide evidence in explaining the coevolution of CoVs and their hosts. This information may help to enhance our understanding of CoV evolution and thus provide part of the basis of preparations for any future outbreaks.

Keywords bat      coronavirus      evolution      host receptor      spike protein      transmission     
最新录用日期:    在线预览日期:    发布日期: 2020-04-28
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Baicheng HUANG
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引用本文:   
Baicheng HUANG,Kegong TIAN. Interspecies transmission and evolution of the emerging coronaviruses: perspectives from bat physiology and protein spatial structure[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2020, 7(2): 218-226.
网址:  
https://journal.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2020324     OR     https://journal.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2020/V7/I2/218
Fig.1  The available PDB data on CoVs in RCSB. The other CoVs include 229E, NL63, OC43, PEDV, PRCV, TGEV, PDCoV, IBV, FIPV, MHV, HKU1, HKU4, HKU5, HKU9, Bov-CoV, and rat CoV; the other NSP include NSP1, NSP3, NSP4, NSP7, NSP8, NSP9, NSP10, NSP12, NSP13, NSP14, NSP15 and NSP16; the other proteins include viral proteins E (envelope protein), HE, M (membrane protein), N (nucleocapsid protein), ORF7A, ORF9b, together with the antibodies of CoVs.
Fig.2  Comparison of the spatial structure of the receptor binding domains (RBD) of CoV S protein. The PDB data are listed as: SARS-CoV-2 S (PDB: 6VSB), SARS-CoV S (PDB: 5XLR) and MERS-CoV S (PDB: 5X59).
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